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V prvotnem in tehničnem pomenu besede je stenska zidana, tako da je konstrukcija izdelana iz naravnega ali umetnega kamna ali opeke. Običajno v kombinaciji z vezivom – malto. Nevezana stenska, torej brez malte, se imenuje suhozid. Stene so lahko sestavljeni iz pravilnih ali nepravilnih plasti kamnov ali tudi divje nakopičenih.

Pogovorno se izraza zid in stena pogosto uporabljata kot sopomenki. Tehnično gledano pa je to narobe. Danes so stene iz armiranega betona s podobno funkcijo kot zid, pogosto so nastale kot ne-nosilne predelne stene. Tudi kot suha oziroma montažna gradnja. Njihova izdelava se ne zgodi z zlaganje kamnov ali opek, ampak z vlivanjem betona v opaž.

Konstrukcijsko zidove delimo na nosilne in nenosilne. Nosilni zidovi so tisti, ki prevzemajo obremenitve drugih elementov konstrukcije (stropnih plošč, streh, itd.). Nenosilni zidovi pa prevzemajo samo lastno težo in najpogosteje služijo kot pregrada v prostoru. Zidove delimo tudi na notranje in zunanje – razlika je v tem, da zunanji zidovi ustvarjajo zaščito zgradbe in so izpostavljeni zunanjim vplivom, zato morajo zagotavljati izolacijske, fizikalne in druge lastnosti.